EV Zakharov, CR Smith, DC Lees, A Cameron, RI Vane-Wright and FAH Sperling, 2004. Independent gene phylogenies and morphology demonstrate a Malagasy origin for a wide-ranging group of swallowtail butterflies. Evolution 58 (2004): 2763-2782.

Voucher list:



 1. Papilio demoleus malayanus Malaysia: Penang Island.
 2. Papilio demoleus malayanus Malaysia: Penang Island.
 3. Papilio demoleus malayanus Malaysia: Perak. 
 4. Papilio demoleus malayanus Malaysia: Perak. 
 5. Papilio demoleus malayanus Malaysia. 
 6. Papilio demoleus malayanus Indonasia: Bali Island. 
 7. Papilio demoleus malayanus Thailand: Chiang Mai. 
 8. Papilio demoleus malayanus Thailand: Chiang Mai. 
 9. Papilio demoleus malayanus Vietnam: Bach Ma Nat. Park. 
 10. Papilio demoleus demoleus Iran: Hormozgan province. 
 11. Papilio demoleus libanius Taiwan. 
 12. Papilio demoleus libanius Taiwan. 
 13. Papilio demoleus libanius Taiwan. 
 14. Papilio demoleus sthenelus Australia: New South Wales. 
 15. Papilio demoleus sthenelus Australia: New South Wales. 
 16. Papilio demodocus demodocus Kenya (ex pupa). 
 17. Papilio demodocus demodocus Kenya (ex pupa). 
 18. Papilio demodocus demodocus Cameroon: Buea. 
 19. Papilio demodocus demodocus Cameroon: Buea. 
 20. Papilio demodocus demodocus Cameroon: Buea. 
 21. Papilio demodocus demodocus Central African Republic. 
 22. Papilio demodocus demodocus South Africa: Nelspruit. 
 23. Papilio demodocus demodocus South Africa: Nelspruit. 
 24. Papilio demodocus demodocus South Africa: Nelspruit. 
 25. Papilio demodocus demodocus South Africa: Nelspruit. 
 26. Papilio demodocus demodocus Madagascar: Antsalova. 
 27. Papilio demodocus demodocus Madagascar. 
 28. Papilio demodocus demodocus Madagascar: Tsimelahy. 
 29. Papilio demodocus demodocus Madagascar: Mahavelo. 
 30. Papilio demodocus demodocus Madagascar: Mahafalay. 
 31. Papilio demodocus demodocus Madagascar. 
 32. Papilio demodocus demodocus Madagascar. 
 33. Papilio demodocus bennetti Yemen: Socotra Island. 
 34. Papilio demodocus bennetti Yemen: Socotra Island. 
 35. Papilio erithonioides Madagascar: Ankitsanga. 
 36. Papilio erithonioides Madagascar: Mahavelo. 
 37. Papilio erithonioides Madagascar: Tsimelahy. 
 38. Papilio erithonioides Madagascar: Bealoka. 
 39. Papilio erithonioides Madagascar: Bemanateza. 
 40. Papilio erithonioides Madagascar: Tsifota. 
 41. Papilio erithonioides Madagascar: Mitoho. 
 42. Papilio erithonioides Madagascar: Beroboka. 
 43. Papilio grosesmithi Madagascar: Kirindy Nord. 
 44. Papilio grosesmithi Madagascar: Ambahibe. 
 45. Papilio grosesmithi Madagascar: Sept Lac. 
 46. Papilio grosesmithi Madagascar: Tsimelahy. 
 47. Papilio grosesmithi Madagascar: Zombitse. 
 48. Papilio grosesmithi Madagascar: Zombitse. 
 49. Papilio morondavana Madagascar: Kirindy. 
 50. Papilio morondavana Madagascar: Ambovonaomby. 
 51. Papilio morondavana Madagascar: Androngonibe. 
 52. Papilio morondavana Madagascar: Androngonibe. 
 53. Papilio helenus Japan (ex pupa). 
 54. Papilio paris China: Guangdong province. 
 55. Papilio constantinus Kenya (ex pupa). 
 56. Papilio delalandei Madagascar: Talatakely. 
 57. Papilio lormieri Central African Republic. 
 58. Papilio oribazus Madagascar: Talatakely. 
 59. Papilio xuthus Japan: Tokyo. 
 60. Papilio machaon France: Coudoux (ex pupa). 
 61. Papilio anactus Australia: Queensland. 
 62. Papilio canadensis USA: NY; Richfield. 
 63. Papilio thoas French Guiana.
back