Papilio (Papilio) machaon (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae)
Specimen not available for photography; Voucher at University of Cornell.
Locality: France; Coudoux, 18 February 1988, leg. L. Piquemal.
DNA number FS-a-27, CU Lot No. 1204.
Specimen used in studies by:
Reed, R.D. and Sperling, F.A., 1999. Interaction of process partitions in phylogenetic analysis: an example from the swallowtail butterfly genus Papilio. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16 (2), 286-297 (1999).
MS Caterino, RD Reed, MM Kuo and FAH Sperling, 2001. A partitioned likelihood analysis of swallowtail butterfly Phylogeny (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Systematic Biology 50 (2001): 106-127).
EV Zakharov, MS Caterino and FAH Sperling, 2004. Molecular phylogeny, historical biogeography, and divergence time estimates for swallowtail butterflies of the genus Papilio (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Systematic Biology 53 (2004): 193-215.
EV Zakharov, CR Smith, DC Lees, A Cameron, RI Vane-Wright and FAH Sperling, 2004. Independent gene phylogenies and morphology demonstrate a Malagasy origin for a wide-ranging group of swallowtail butterflies. Evolution 58 (2004): 2763-2782.
V Nazari, EV Zakharov and FAH Sperling, 2007. Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and taxonomic ranking of Parnassiinae based on morphology and seven genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, in review.
Simonsen TJ, Zakharov EV,
Djernæs M, Cotton AM, Vane-Wright RI, Sperling FAH [2010]. Phylogenetics and divergence times of Papilioninae (Lepidoptera)
with special reference to the enigmatic genera Teinopalpus and Meandrusa. Cladistics
(pre publication).
GenBank Accession Numbers for COI-COII AF044000, EF1a AF044825, and wingless AY569124.
Caterino, M.S. and Sperling, F.A. 1999. Papilio phylogeny based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and II genes. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 11 (1), 122-137 (1999).