EV Zakharov, MS Caterino and FAH Sperling, 2004. Molecular phylogeny, historical biogeography, and divergence time estimates for swallowtail butterflies of the genus Papilio (lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Systematic Biology 53 (2004): 193-215.

Voucher list:



Pieris napi
Baronia brevicornis (specimen 1) 
Baronia brevicornis (specimen 2) 
Parnassius clodius
Parnassius phoebus
Allancastria cerisyi
Luehdorfia japonica
Zerynthia rumina
Sericinus montela
Graphium (Graphium) agamemnon
Iphiclides podalirius
Eurytides marcellus
Troides helena
Battus philenor
Atrophaneura alcinous
Parides photinus
Pachliopta neptunus
Papilio (Pterourus) glaucus
Papilio (Pterourus) troilus
Papilio (Pterourus) canadensis
Papilio (Pterourus) rutulus
Papilio (Pterourus) multicaudatus
Papilio (Pterourus) garamas
Papilio (Pterourus) scamander
Papilio (Pterourus) palamedes
Papilio (Pterourus) pilumnus
Papilio (Pterourus) birchalii
Papilio (Pterourus) esperanza
Papilio (Heraclides) anchisiades
Papilio (Heraclides) cresphontes
Papilio (Heraclides) astyalus
Papilio (Heraclides) erostratus
Papilio (Heraclides) hectorides
Papilio (Heraclides) thoas
Papilio (Heraclides) torquatus
Papilio (Eleppone) anactus
Papilio (Chilasa) clytia
Papilio (Chilasa) epycides
Papilio (Princeps) xuthus
Papilio (Princeps) demoleus
Papilio (Princeps) phorcas
Papilio (Princeps) dardanus
Papilio (Princeps) constantinus
Papilio (Princeps) bianor
Papilio (Princeps) maackii
Papilio (Princeps) paris
Papilio (Princeps) helenus
Papilio (Princeps) hipponous
Papilio (Princeps) macilentus
Papilio (Princeps) memnon
Papilio (Princeps) nephelus
Papilio (Princeps) polytes
Papilio (Princeps) protenor
Papilio (Princeps) rumanzovia
Papilio (Princeps) aegeus
Papilio (Princeps) dardanus (Kenya)
Papilio (Princeps) dardanus (Madagascar)
Papilio (Princeps) delalandei
Papilio (Princeps) rex (specimen 1) 
Papilio (Princeps) rex (specimen 2) 
Papilio (Princeps) demodocus
Papilio (Princeps) epiphorbas
Papilio (Princeps) nobilis
Papilio (Princeps) oribazus
Papilio alexanor
Papilio (Papilio) machaon machaon
Papilio (Papilio) machaon oregonius
Papilio (Papilio) machaon hippocrates
Papilio (Papilio) zelicaon
Papilio (Papilio) polyxenes
Papilio (Papilio) hospiton
Papilio (Papilio) indra


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