Lab 2: Kingdom Protista

• Dinoflagellate (71K) 'phytoflagellate';
  A-nucleus, B-annulus, C-flagellum

• Euglena (72K) 'phytoflagellate'
  A-flagellum, B-contractile vacuole, C-chloroplast, D-nucleus

• Volvox (274K) colonial 'phytoflagellate'
  A-gelatinous matrix, B-flagellated cell, C-daughter colony

• Giardia (140K) 'zooflagellate'
  A-flagellum, B-paired nuclei (lie underneath region of adhesive disc)

• Trypanosoma (179K) 'zooflagellate' ;
  A-nucleus, B-kinetosome, C-undulating membrane, D-flagellum

• Amoeba (51K) 'sarcodine';
  A-nucleus, B-pseudopod

• Chaos (127K) 'sarcodine';
  A-multiple nuclei, B-pseudopod

• Difflugia (111K) 'sarcodine';
  A-'test' (shell) of sand grains , B-pseudopod

• Pelomyxa (112K) 'sarcodine';
  A-pseudopod, B-nucleus

• Foraminifera (147K) 'sarcodine';
  A-Test, B-shell pores

• Plasmodium (98K) 'sporozoan';
  A-trophozoite inside red blood cell, B-uninfected red blood cell

• Paramecium (156K) mobile ciliate, Ph. Ciliophora.
  A-oral groove, B-macronucleus, C-contractile vacuole

• Paramecium (pellicle; 103K) Ph. Ciliophora;
  A-pellicle, B-oral groove

• Stentor (213K) sessile, stalked ciliate, Ph. Ciliophora.

Lab 3: Phylum Cnidaria & Phylum Ctenophora

• Medusa comparison (Aurelia vs Gonionemus, 230K) Cl. Scyphozoa, Cl. Hydrozoa
  Identify at least four differences between these two medusae.

• Obelia colony (129K) Cl. Hydrozoa, Or. Leptomedusa, a thecate hydroid;
  A-hydrotheca or theca, B-gonozooid, C-gastrozooid

• Hydra (whole mount; 125K) Cl. Hydrozoa, Or. Anthomedusa, an athecate hydroid;
  A-tentacle, B-hypostome, C-body column, D-basal disc

• Hydra (longitudinal section; 234K) Cl. Hydrozoa, Or. Anthomedusa;
  A-mouth, B-hypostome, C-gastrovascular cavity, D-epidermis, E-mesoglea, F-gastrodermis

• Hydra (cross section; 259K) Cl. Hydrozoa, Or. Anthomedusa;
  A-epidermis, B-mesoglea, C-gastrodermis, D-gastrovascular cavity

• Hydra (cross section, higher power; 256K) Cl. Hydrozoa, Or. Anthomedusa;
  A-mesoglea, B-gastrodermis, C-epidermis, D-nematocysts in cnidocytes; outer body surface is to upper left

• Gonionemus (oral and aboral view; 163K) Cl. Hydrozoa, Or. Limnomedusa; a trachyline medusa;
  A-velum, B-gonad, C-radial canals, C-manubrium

• Polyorchis (side view; 234K) Cl. Hydrozoa, Or. Anthomedusa

• Aurelia- medusa (side view; 131K) Cl. Scyphozoa, a 'true' jellyfish

• Aurelia- medusa (202K) Cl. Scyphozoa, a 'true' jellyfish;
  A-mouth, B-gonad, C-mouth lobes, D-gastric pouch, E-radial canals, F-rhopalium

• Aurelia (planulae & SEM, 44K) Cl. Scyphozoa;
  the larval stage of most Cnidaria; note the covering of cilia in SEM image

• Aurelia (planula whole mount, close up, 176K) Cl. Scyphozoa;
  Note the two distinct layers of cells; which cell-layers are these?

• Aurelia- schyphistoma (side view; 65K) Cl. Scyphozoa; a polyp stage unique to Scyphozoa

• Aurelia- strobila (73K)Cl. Scyphozoa; a polyp stage unique to Scyphozoa that buds off larval medusae (ephyra)

• Aurelia- ephyra (205K) Cl. Scyphozoa;
  a larval medusa stage unique to Scyphozoa

• Metridium (dissection, 223K) Cl. Anthozoa; Or. Actinaria, a multitentaculate marine anemone;
  A-pharynx, B-siphonoglyph, C-tentacles, E-acontia, F-basal disk, G-gonad, H-septae with gonads

• Metridium (whole mount; 406K) Cl. Anthozoa; Or. Actinaria;
  A-siphonoglyph, B-oral disc, C-tentacles, D-body column, E-acontia, F-basal disc

• Anothopleura xanthogrammica (in the field; 320K) Cl. Anthozoa; Or. Actinaria; common on BC coast, eats prey (like barnacles & mussels) washed off the rocks by waves (note barnacle being egested after eating)

• Anothopleura elegantissima (clonal, fighting anemone; 117K) Cl. Anthozoa; Or. Actinaria; common on BC coast; individual anemones can recognize individuals from other clones and they trigger extension of special fighting tentacles (white-tipped acrorhagi)

• Hexacoral corallite (skeleton of a reef-building 'true' coral, tissue removed; 163K) Cl. Anthozoa
  A-'pocket' (corallite) inside which a single polyp sits; note the radiating 'blades' that would support the gastrovascular septae in the polyp

• Octocoral corallite (skeleton of a gorgonial coral, tissue removed; 254K) Cl. Anthozoa
  A-'pocket' (corallite) inside which a single polyp sits, B-mineralized skeleton, C-fibrous, organic skeleton, D-tubes through which tissue connects to other polyps

• Pleurobrachia (whole mount, 67K) Ph. Ctenophora;
  A-comb rows; Why are these animals NOT considered Cnidaria? How do they capture prey? Where is the mouth?

Lab 4: Phylum Platyhelminthes

• Acoel flatworm (whole mount; 290K) Cl. "Turbellaria", Or. Acoela;
  A-mouth, B-eye spot, C-statocyst

• Leptoplana (whole mount; 159K) Cl. "Turbellaria", Or. Polycladida;
  A-pharynx, B-gut diverticula (highly branched), C-eye spot, D-mouth

• Dugesia (cross section; 216K) Cl. "Turbellaria", Or. Tricladida;
  A-pharynx, B-gut diverticulum, C-mesenchyme

• Dugesia (whole mount; 172K) Cl. "Turbellaria", Or. Tricladida;
  A-B-eversible pharynx

• Dugesia (ventral surface, cross section; 242K) Cl. "Turbellaria", Or. Tricladida;
  A-rhabdites in ventral ciliated epidermis, B-basal lamina, C-circular muscle, D-longitudinal muscle, E-dorso-ventral muscles, F-gut diverticulum, G-mesenchyme

• Mesostoma (whole mount; 245K) Cl. "Turbellaria", Or. "Rhabdocoela";
  A-testis, B-uterus; winter eggs , C-gut, D-mouth, E-eyespots

• Polystoma (whole mount; 225K) Cl. Monogenea, monogenic fluke

• Polystoma (anterior end; 151K) Cl. Monogenea
  attachment structure (haptor)

• Clonorchis (whole mount; 62K) Cl. Trematoda, the liver fluke, a digenic fluke
  A-oral sucker, B-pharynx, C-esophagus, D-intestinal cecum, E-uterus, F-ovary, G-seminal receptacle, H-testis

• Schistosoma (male & female; 155K) Cl. Trematoda, the blood fluke, a digenic fluke
  A-mouth with oral sucker, B-ventral sucker, C-copulatory groove, D-female, E-male

• Trematode (miracidium larva; 89K)

• Trematode (redia larva; 123K)

• Trematode (cercaria larva; 128K)

• Taeniarhyncus (scolex; 43K) Cl. Cestoidea, a tapeworm;
  arrows- suckers

• Taenia (scolex; 312K) > Cl. Cestoidea, a tapeworm;
  A-suckers, B-hooks

• Taenia (mature proglottid; 180K) > Cl. Cestoidea, a tapeworm;
  A-genital pore, B-vas deferens, C-testis, D-vagina, E-ovary, F-uterus

• Taenia (gravid proglottid; 163K) > Cl. Cestoidea, a tapeworm;
  A-uterus, B-genital pore

• Taenia (gravid proglottid, higher power; 148K) > Cl. Cestoidea, a tapeworm;
  A-genital pore, B-vas deferens, C-uterus with eggs, D-vagina

• Tapeworm (hexacanth larva; 88K)> Cl. Cestoidea, a tapeworm;

• Bladder worm (whole mount & drawings; 250K) Cl. Cestoidea, a tapeworm;
  A-cystecircus or bladder worm, B-muscle tissue.
  INSET: drawings of an encysted (inverted, left) and infective (everted, right) bladder worm

Lab 5: The Aschelminthes (Pseudocoelomates)

• Ascaris (egg, whole mount; 111K) Ph. Nematoda, a roundworm

• Ascaris (juvenile in lung, cross section; 244K) Ph. Nematoda, a roundworm;
  arrows- juvenile

• Ascaris (female cross section; 93K) Ph. Nematoda, a roundworm;
  A-cuticle, B-pseudocoelom, C-oviduct, D-ovary, E-uterus, F-longitudinal muscle

• Ascaris (female, dissection; 298K) Ph. Nematoda, a roundworm;
  A-pharynx, B-intestine, C-vagina, D-lateral cord (excretory pore/nerve cord), E-uteri, F-oviduct

• Ascaris (male & female, cross section; 224K) Ph. Nematoda, a roundworm;
  A-vas deferens, B-testis, C-intestine, D-ovary, E-uteri

• Ascaris (male, cross section; 93K) Ph. Nematoda, a roundworm;
  A-longitudinal muscle, B-cuticle, C-intestine, D-vas deferens, E-testis, F-pseudocoelom

• Ascaris (male, dissection 132K) Ph. Nematoda, a roundworm;
  A-seminal vesicle, B-intestine, C-lateral cord (excretory duct/nerve cord), D-testis, E-vas deferens

• Ascaris (pharynx, cross section; 55K) Ph. Nematoda, a roundworm;
  A-lateral cord (excretory duct/nerve cord), B-longitudinal muscle, C-cuticle, D-ventral nerve cord, E-epidermis, F-dorsal nerve cord, G-pharynx, H-pseudocoelom

• Necator (juvenile, whole mount; 174K)Ph. Nematoda, a roundworm;

• Enterobius (female, whole mount; 24K)Ph. Nematoda, a roundworm- human pinworm

• Trichinella (in muscle; 43K) Nematoda, a roundworm- trichina worm

• Onchocerca (in connective tissue; 309K) Ph. Nematoda, a roundworm- human filarial worm;
  arrows- filarial worm embedded in cyst

• Wuchereria (143K) Ph. Nematoda, a roundworm- human filarial worm that can cause 'elephantiasis'

• Nematomorpha (whole mount; 44K) Ph. Nematomorpha, horsehair worm

• Rotifer (whole mount; 48K) Ph. Rotifera, 'wheel-bearing worms'
  A-ciliated corona, B-trunk, C-foot

• Acanthocephala (whole mount & head; 68K) Ph. Acanthocephala, spiny-headed worms

Lab 6: Mollusca I: Gastropoda, Bivalvia

• Gastropoda (shell diversity, interior and exterior views; 218K) SubCl. Prosobranchia
  Only smallest shell displays sinistral coiling (it is also a Pulmonate!); the rest are dextrally coiled.
  A-columella, B-aperture, C-siphonal canal, D-apex and protoconch, E-body whorl, F-whorl, G-operculum, H-periostracum

• Helix (whole mount; 158K) Ph. Mollusca, Cl. Gastropoda, SubCl. Pulmonata; a landsnail
  A-first pair of tentacles, B-second pair of tentacles, C-head, D-foot, E-shell, F-pneumostome surrounded by mantle edge (collar)

• Helix (dissection; 144K) Ph. Mollusca, Cl. Gastropoda, SubCl. Pulmonata;
  B-penis, C-flagellum, D-dart sac, E-sperm duct, F-oviduct, G-albumen gland, H-digestive gland, I-stomach, J-crop, K-esophagus, L-buccal bulb

• Radula views (165K) rasping structure found in most mollusks (upper- top view, lower- side view; note repeated rows of radular teeth)

• Bivalvia (shell diversity, exterior views; 140K) SubCl. Heterodonta;
  left panel- radial (upper) and concentric (lower) sculpture;
  right-panel: left image- shallow-burrower (short siphon, no siphonal gape), right image- deep burrower (long siphon, large siphonal gape)

• Bivalvia (shell diversity, interior views; 194K)
  A-Sub Cl. Pteriomorpha (Mytilus mussel; one large posterior adductor muscle scar, one small anterior muscle scar, no high teeth, ligament hinging valves), B-Sub Cl. Heterodonta (Mercenaria clam; hinge teeth/two roughly equal adductor muscle scars), C-Sub Cl. Pteriomorpha (Ostrea oyster; single large adductor muscle scar/ligament hinging valves)
  1-posterior adductor muscle scar, 2-anterior adductor muscle scar, 3-ligament

• Mercenaria (whole mount; 333K) Ph. Mollusca, Cl. Bivalvia, SubCl. Heterodonta;
  A-mantle, B-anterior adductor muscle, C-labial palp, D-umbo, E-foot, F-demibranch, G-ligament, H-posterior pedal retractor muscle, I-posterior adductor muscle, J-outer (upper) and inner (lower) demibranchs of right ctenidium, arrows in inset- excurrent (upper) and incurrent (lower) siphon

• Mercenaria (dissection; 235K) Ph. Mollusca, Cl. Bivalvia, SubCl. Heterodonta;
  A-mantle, B-umbo, C-cardinal teeth, D-labial palp, E-anterior adductor muscle, F-posterior adductor muscle, G-posterior pedal retractor muscle, H-foot, I-gonad, J-digestive gland, K-stomach, L-intestine, M-pericardial cavity, N-heart

• Mercenaria (valve interior; 194K) Ph. Mollusca, Cl. Bivalvia, SubCl. Heterodonta;
  left valve, A-pallial sinus, B-pallial line, C-posterior adductor muscle scar, D-ligament, E-umbo, F-cardinal teeth, G-anterior adductor muscle scar

• Mytilus (dissection; 238K) Ph. Mollusca, Cl. Bivalvia, SubCl. Pteriomorpha;
  A-mantle, B-inner (upper) and outer (lower) demibranchs of left ctenidium, C-left (upper) and right (lower) labial palps, D-foot, E-byssal threads, F-posterior adductor muscle

• Demibranch (cross section; 187K) section through two demibranchs (upper and lower row of filimant sections) of a filibranch ctenidium
  A-row of filaments from one arm (ascending or descending) of a demibranch, B-individual gill filament, C-lateral cilia, D-frontal cilia, E-laterofrontal cilia, F-ciliary junction between gill filaments

Lab 7: Mollusca II: Cephalopoda, Mollusc Diversity, Sipuncula

• Loligo (dissection, circulatory system; 194K) Cl. Cephalopoda, SubCl. Coleoidea, Or. Decapoda
  A-anterior vena cava, B-kidney, C-branchial heart, D-posterior vena cava, E-systemic heart, F-pen

• Loligo (dissection, digestive system; 257K) Cl. Cephalopoda, SubCl. Coleoidea, Or. Decapoda
  A-digestive gland, B-esophagus, C-buccal bulb, D-stomach, E-cecum, F-rectum, G-inc sac, H-jaws (mandibles), I-radula

• Loligo (dissection, female reproductive system; 238K) Cl. Cephalopoda, SubCl. Coleoidea, Or. Decapoda
  A-mantle, B-accessory nidamental gland, C-oviduct, D-oviducal gland, E-ovary, F-nidamental gland, G-articulating ridges of mantle

• Loligo (dissection, male vs female; 233K) Cl. Cephalopoda, SubCl. Coleoidea, Or. Decapoda
  Most obvious is female (lower) has nidamental gland and highly granular gonad.
  A-arms, B-funnel, C-funnel retractor muscles, D-fin, E-mantle, F-tentacles, G-ctenidium

• Loligo (dissection, male reproductive system; 213K) Cl. Cephalopoda, SubCl. Coleoidea, Or. Decapoda
  A-penis, B-spermatophoric gland, C-spermatophoric sac, D-vas deferens, E-testis, G-stellate ganglion

• Mollusca (diversity; 246K)
  Clockwise starting at left: Cl. Polyplacophora (gumboot chiton); Cl. Gastropoda; Cl. Bivalvia, SubCl. Heterodonta; Cl. Scaphopoda (tusk shells); Cl. Cephalopoda, SubCl. Ammonoidea (extinct); Cl. Bivalvia, SubCl. Pteriomorphia (mussel); Cl. Polyplacophora (chiton); Cl. Gastropoda, SubCl. Prosobranchia (keyhole limpet)

• Nautilus (shell morphology; 186K) Cl. Cephalopoda, SubCl. Nautiloidea
  A- septae, B- gas-filled chamber, C- siphuncle

• Sipuncula (dissection; 205K) Ph. Sipuncula (peanut worms)
  A-metanephridia, B-introvert retractor muscles, C-intestine, D-introvert, E-tentacles, F-anus

Lab 8: Annelida

• Nereis (cross section; 350K) Cl. Polychaeta, SubCl. "Errantia"
  A-parapodium, A'-aciculum (in section), B-dorsal cirrus of parapodium, C-circular muscle, D-dorsal longitudinal muscle bundle, E-ventral longitudinal muscle bundle, F-oblique muscle, G-ventral nerve cord, H-ventral blood vessel, I-dorsal blood vessel, J-coelomic compartment, K-septae between segments, L-intestine

• Nereis (dissection; 238K) Cl. Polychaeta, SubCl. "Errantia"
  A-pharynx, B-intestine, C-peristomial tentacles (cirri), D-palp, E-ventral nerve cord, F-septum, G-metanephridia, H-parapodium (removed from body)

• Errantia diversity (whole mounts, 3 examples; 271K)Cl. Polychaeta, SubCl. "Errantia", nereid and scale worm
  Nereis: A-everted pharynx with jaws (A'), B-prostomium, C-peristomial tentacles (cirri), D-peristomium, E-parapodia (identify the parts)

• Errantia diversity (dorsal and ventral view, 1 example; 138K) Cl. Polychaeta, SubCl. "Errantia", the sea mouse Aphrodite

• Sedentaria diversity (whole mount and tube, 1 example; 52K) Cl. Polychaeta, SubCl. "Sedentaria", the parchment-tube worm Chaetopterous

• Sedentaria diversity (whole mounts, 3 examples; 161K) Cl. Polychaeta, SubCl. "Sedentaria"
  From left to right: Arenicolidae (marine lugworm), Sabellidae (feather-duster worms, live in leathery tubes), Serpulida (Christmas-tree worms; live in calcareous tubes)

• Lumbricus (whole mount & cross section; 350K) Cl. Oligochaeta
  A-prostomium, B-clitellum, C-dorsal blood vessel, D-typhlosole, E-intestine, F-coelom, G-ventral blood vessel, H-ventral nerve cord

• Lumbricus (dissection; 161K) Cl. Oligochaeta (earthworm)
  A-pharynx, B-esophagus, C-seminal vesicle, D-seminal receptacle, E-calciferous gland, F-crop, G-gizzard, H-intestine, I-dorsal blood vessel, J-ventral nerve cord, K-metanephridium

• Leech (whole mount; 68K) Cl. Hirudinea
  A-anterior sucker, B-posterior sucker

Lab 9: Arthropoda: SubPhylum Crustacea

• Arthropod (limb types, larva; 141K)
  Nauplius larva (of Crustacea); phyllopodous (top); stenopodous, Crustacea (middle); stenopodous, Insecta (bottom)

• Crayfish (whole mount, dorsal; 198K) Cl. Malacostraca, SubCl. Eumalacostraca, SupOr. Eucarida, Or. Decapoda
  Two tagmata (cephalothorax, abdomen), A-2nd antenna, B-1st antenna, C-rostrum, D-cheliped, E- to G-pereiopods (one leg missing this side), H-uropod, I-abdomen, J-carapace (covers cephalothorax)

• Crayfish (dissection, dorsal; 98K) Cl. Malacostraca, SubCl. Eumalacostraca, SupOr. Eucarida, Or. Decapoda
  A-green gland, B-heart, C-stomach/gastric mill

• Crayfish (dissection, lateral; 222K) Cl. Malacostraca, SubCl. Eumalacostraca, SupOr. Eucarida, Or. Decapoda
  A-heart, B-stomach/gastric mill, C-green gland, D-intestine, E-digestive gland,F-gonad,G-ventral nerve cord

• Crayfish (mouthparts; 231K)
  A-mandible, B-maxillae 1&2, C-maxilliped 1, D-maxilliped 2, E-maxilliped 3

• Crayfish (sexing; 87K) Cl. Malacostraca, SubCl. Eumalacostraca, SupOr. Eucarida, Or. Decapoda
  male (lower), A-gonopod (pleopod 1), B-pleopods
  sexing: abdominal appendages of male (left) and female (right)

• Daphnia (whole mount, lateral; 121K) Cl. Branchiopoda, Or. Cladocera (water flea)
  A-carapace, B-compound eye, C- 2nd antenna, D-thoracic limbs, E-abdomen, F-caudal furca (ramus)

• Crustacea (diversity-I, 3 examples; 145K) Cl. Branchiopoda;
  A- Or. Cladocera (water flea), B- Or. Notostraca (tadpole shrimp; ventral (upper) & dorsal (lower) views), C- Or. Anostraca (fairy or brine shrimp)

• Crustacea (diversity-II, 4 examples; 192K) Cl. Maxillopoda
  A- SubCl. Ostracoda (seed shrimp), B- SubCl. Cirripedia (gooseneck barnacle), C- SubCl. Cirripedia (acorn barnacle), D- SubCl. Copepoda (copepod)

• Crustacea (diversity-III, 3 examples; 267K)Cl. Malacostraca,
  A- SubCl. Hoplocarida (mantis shrimp),
  B- SubCl. Eumalacostraca, SupOr. Peracarida, Or. Amphipoda (amphipod, includes scuds & beach hoppers)
  C- SubCl. Eumalacostraca, SupOr. Peracarida, Or. Isopoda (isopod, includes pillbugs)

• Crustacea (diversity-IV, 4 examples; 325K) Cl. Malacostraca, SubCl. Eumalacostraca, SupOr. Eucarida
  A- Or. Euphausiacea (krill),
  B- Or. Decapoda (shrimp),
  C- Or. Decapoda (hermit crab, Infraorder Anomura); upper- crab carrying snail shell, lower- crab removed from snail shell (note soft, fleshy abdomen),
  D- Or. Decapoda (true crab, Infraorder Brachyura); upper- ventral view (note abdomen folded between legs), lower- dorsal view

Lab 10: Arthropoda: Relatives & Other Subphyla

• Peripatus (in field; 247K) Ph. Onychophora (velvet worms)

• Tardigrada (whole mount, dorsal view; 139K) Ph. Tardigrada (water bears)

• Sea spider (whole mount, dorsal; 132K) Ph. Arthropoda, SubPh. Chelicerata, Cl. Pycnogonida
  A- proboscis
  B- abdomen (greatly reduced)

• Arthropoda (diversity-I, 3 examples; 266K) SubPh. Chelicerata, Cl. Arachnida
  A- spider (Or. Araneae)
  B- scorpion (Or. Scorpiones)
  C- tick (Or. Acari, the mites)

• Limulus (whole mount, dorsal & ventral; 256K) SubPh. Chelicerata, Cl. Merostomata (horseshoe crab)
  A- cephalothorax (covered by a carapace)
  B- abdomen
  C- tail spine
  D- compound eye
  E- chelicerae
  F- gnathobases (at bases of walking legs)
  G- book gills

• Trilobite (whole mount, dorsal; 255K) Ph. Arthropoda, SubPh. Trilobitomorpha (trilobites, extinct)
  A- head (=cephalon, covered by a carapace)
  B- thorax
  C- abdomen (=pygidium)
  D- compound eye

• Millipede & centipede (whole mounts; 136K) SubPh. Uniramia, SuperCl. Myriapoda
  A- Cl. Diplopoda (millipedes)
  B- Cl. Chilopoda (centipedes)

• Arthropoda (diversity-II, 4 examples; 310K) Cl. Pterygota, Subcl. Exopterygota
  A- Example of hemimetabolous development of cicada (Or. Hemiptera)
  B- dragonfly (Or. Odonata)
  C- grasshopper (Or. Orthoptera)
  D- true bug (Or. Hemiptera)

• Arthropoda (diversity-III, 5 examples; 348K) Cl. Pterygota, Subcl. Endopterygota
  A- Example of holometabolous development of butterfly (Or. Lepidoptera)
  B- beetle (Or. Coleoptera)
  C- wasp (Or. Hymenoptera)
  D- butterfly (Or. Lepidoptera)
  E- fly (Or. Diptera)

Lab 11: Deuterostomia

Echinoderms

• Sea lily (whole mount; 170K) Ph. Echinodermata, Cl. Crinoidea;
  A-cirri, B-arm, C-pinnules

• Sea star (whole mount, pedicellaria & larva; 193K) Ph. Echinodermata, Cl. Asteroidea;
  Aboral surface; A-madreporite, B-pedicellaria, C-bipinnaria larva

• Sea star (whole mount; 197K) Ph. Echinodermata, Cl. Asteroidea;
  Oral surface; A-periostomial membrane, B-mouth, C-tube feet (podia) D&E- ambulacral groove

• Sea star (dermal gills; 77K) Ph. Echinodermata, Cl. Asteroidea;
  dermal gills on aboral surface

• Sea star (arm cross section; 203K) Ph. Echinodermata, Cl. Asteroidea;
  A-ampulla, B-tube foot, C-coelom, D-spines, E-ossicles, F-dermal branchia

• Sea star (arm longitudinal section; 233K) Ph. Echinodermata, Cl. Asteroidea;
  A-aboral ossicles, B-dermal branchiae, C-oral spines, D-cardiac stomach

• Sea star (dissection, aboral; 225K) Ph. Echinodermata, Cl. Asteroidea;
  A-pyloric cecae, B-gonad, C-cardiac stomach, D-pyloric stomach, E-intestinal cecum, F-stone canal, G-madreporite

• Sea star (dissection, lateral; 305K) Ph. Echinodermata, Cl. Asteroidea;
  A-digestive gland, B-gonad, C-cardiac stomach, D-pyloric stomach or cecum, E-intestinal cecum

• Sea star (dissection, water-vascular system; 302K) Ph. Echinodermata, Cl. Asteroidea;
  A-madreporite, B-stone canal, C-polian vesicles, D-ampullae

• Gorgonocephalus (whole mount; 226K) Ph. Echinodermata, Cl. Ophiuroidea (brittle stars)
  - the giant Pacific basket star

• Heart urchin (whole mount & larva; 66K) Ph. Echinodermata, Cl. Echinoidea (this is an 'irregular' echinoid)
  A-pluteus larva

• Sea cucumber (dissection; 340K) Ph. Echinodermata, Cl. Holothuroidea;
  A-tentacles, B-mouth, C-ring canal, D-stomach, E-gonoduct, F-respiratory tree, G-cloaca, H-gonad, I-intestine, J-polian vesicle, K-pharynx

• Echinoderm (diversity, 9 examples; 263K) Ph. Echinodermata;
  1- Cl. Asteroidea (starfish); 2- Cl. Ophiuroidea (brittle stars); 3- Cl. Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers); 4- Cl. Echinoidea (regular urchins); 5- Cl. Echinoidea (irregular urchins; heart urchin (left) & sand dollar (right))

• Lamp shells (diversity & dissection; 233K) Ph. Brachiopoda
  A- Cl. Inarticulata
  B- Cl. Articulata, outside view of ventral (left, with the opening for the stalk) & dorsal (right) valves
  C&D- Cl. Articulata, interior views of dorsal valves (with lophophore; C, D) and ventral valves (with gonads & opening for stalk; C', D')

• Lamp shell (face view; laminar flow through living animal; 20K) Ph. Brachiopoda, Cl. Articulata;
  (note how the water flow through the mantle cavity is totally laminar; even though it has passed through the lophophore and made a nearly 120 degree turn, the dye stream exits almost as crisply as it enters the mantle cavity)
  A- dorsal valve
  B- ventral valve
  C- lophophore

• Moss animals (whole mount; 105K) Ph. Bryozoa;
  A-lophophore

• Acorn worm (whole mount, dorsal; 142K) Ph. Hemichordata; Cl. Enteropneusta (genus Balanoglossus);
  A-collar, B-proboscis, C-trunk

• Sea quirts (whole mount, dissection & larva; 171K) Ph. Chordata, SubPh. Urochordata. Cl. Ascidiacea (sea squirt)
  A- inhalant siphon
  B- exhalant siphon
  C- branchial basket
  D- tadpole larva

• Lancelet (whole mount; 310K) also known as amphioxus; Ph. Chordata, SubPh. Cephalochordata
  A- mouth
  B- gill slits of branchial basket
  C- endostyle
  D- notochord
  E- dorsal nerve cord
  F- muscle blocks (myotomes)

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visitors since Apr. 2, 1998.