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Incompatible Chemical Mixtures:

The following are examples of chemical incompatibilities.   These combinations may produce fire, explosion or poisonous gases so efforts must be made to ensure that such mixtures do not occur.  Avoiding these reactions is the main reason for segregating stored chemicals into different parts of the laboratory or store room.  This list was adapted from one posted at the University of Kentucky and may not be comprehensive.  Consult alternate sources (e.g. MSDS) for further information.

Chemical:

Incompatible With:

Acetic acid

Chromic acid, nitric acid, hydroxyl compounds, ethylene glycol, perchloric acid,  peroxides, permanganates

Acetylene gas

Chlorine, bromine, copper, fluorine, silver, mercury

Acetone

Concentrated nitric and sulfuric acid mixtures

Alkali and alkaline earth  metals:
(e.g. powdered aluminum or magnesium, calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium)

Water, carbon tetrachloride or other chlorinated hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, halogens

Ammonia gas (anhydrous)

Mercury metal, chlorine, calcium hypochlorite, iodine, bromine, hydrofluoric acid (anhydrous)

Ammonium nitrate
(an oxidizer)

Acids, powdered metals, flammable liquids, chlorates, nitrites, sulfur, finely divided  organic combustible materials

Aniline

Nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide

Arsenical materials

Any reducing agent (generates poisonous arsine gas

Azides

Acids (forms hydrogen azide-extremely explosive)

Bromine
(an oxidizer)

See chlorine

Calcium oxide

Water

Carbon (activated charcoal)

Calcium hypochlorite, all oxidizing agents

Carbon tetrachloride

Sodium

Chlorates
(e.g. Na, K; strong oxidizers)

Ammonium salts, acids, powdered metals, sulfur, finely divided organic or combustible                                       materials

Chromic acid and chromium metal

Acetic acid, naphthalene, camphor, glycerol, alcohol, flammable liquids in general

Chlorine gas

Ammonia, acetylene, butadiene, butane, methane, propane (or other petroleum gases), hydrogen, sodium carbide, benzene, finely divided metals, turpentine

Chlorine dioxide

Ammonia, methane, phosphine, hydrogen sulfide

Copper metal

Acetylene, hydrogen peroxide

Cumene hydroperoxide

Acids (organic or inorganic)

Cyanides

Acids (generates poisonous hydrogen cyanide gas

Flammable liquids

Ammonium nitrate, chromic acid, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, sodium peroxide, halogens

Fluorine gas (very strong oxidizer)

All other chemicals

Hydrocarbons
(e.g.  butane, propane, benzene)

Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, chromic acid, sodium peroxide

Hydrocyanic acid

Nitric acid, alkali

Hydrofluoric acid (anhydrous)

Ammonia (aqueous or anhydrous)

Hydrogen peroxide

 (an oxidizer)

Copper, chromium, iron, most metals or their salts, alcohols, acetone, organic materials, aniline, nitromethane, combustible materials

Hydrogen sulfide

Fuming nitric acid, oxidizing gases

Hypochlorites

Acids, activated carbon

Iodine
 (an oxidizer)

Acetylene, ammonia (aqueous or anhydrous), hydrogen

Mercury metal

Acetylene, fulminic acid, ammonia

Nitrates (e.g. Na, K; oxidizers)

Sulfuric acid (generates nitrogen dioxide)

Nitric acid

(concentrated; an oxidizer)

Acetic acid, aniline, chromic  acid, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen sulfide, flammable liquids, flammable gases, copper, brass, any heavy metals

Nitrites
(e.g. Na, K; oxidizers)

Acids (generates nitrous fumes)

Nitroparaffins

inorganic bases, amines

Oxalic acid

Silver, mercury

Oxygen gas
(oxidizer)

Oils, grease, hydrogen, flammable liquids, solids or gases

Perchloric acid
(strong acid and very strong oxidizer when heated)

Acetic anhydride, bismuth and its alloys, alcohol, paper, wood, grease, oils

Peroxides, organic

Acids (organic or mineral), avoid friction, store cold

Phosphorus (white)

Air, oxygen, alkalies, reducing agents

Potassium metal

Carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, water

Potassium chlorate
 (strong oxidizer)

Sulfuric and other acids (explodes!)

Potassium perchlorate
 (oxidizer)

Sulfuric and other acids

Potassium permanganate
(oxidizer)

Glycerol, ethylene glycol,  benzaldehyde, sulfuric acid

Selenides

Reducing agents (generates hydrogen selenide gas)

Silver metal

Acetylene, oxalic acid, tartartic acid, ammonium compounds, fulminic acid

Sodium metal

Carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, water

Sodium nitrite
(oxidizer)

Ammonium nitrate and other  ammonium salts

Sodium peroxide
(oxidizer)

Ethyl or methyl alcohol, glacial  acetic acid, acetic anhydride, benzaldehyde, carbon disulfide, glycerin, ethylene glycol, ethyl       acetate, methyl acetate, furfural

Sulfides

Acids (generate poisonous hydrogen sulfide gas)

Sulfuric acid

Potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, potassium  permanganate (similar compounds of light metals, such as sodium, lithium)

Tellurides

Reducing agents (generates poisonous hydrogen telluride gas

Matter

Antimatter (this wasn't mine but it's good!)

Sources:

University of Kentucky, Department of Animal Sciences

Hazardous Chemicals: information and Disposal Guide. (1982). M-A. Armour, L. Brown, G. Weir.

revised: December 12/00
BGMcC Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta


© Department of Biological Sciences - 2001  email Safety Officer- Department of Biological Sciences