Incompatible
Chemical Mixtures:
The following
are examples of chemical incompatibilities. These combinations
may produce fire, explosion or poisonous gases so efforts must
be made to ensure that such mixtures do not occur. Avoiding these
reactions is the main reason for segregating stored chemicals
into different parts of the laboratory or store room. This list
was adapted from one posted at the University of Kentucky and
may not be comprehensive. Consult alternate sources (e.g. MSDS)
for further information.
Chemical:
|
Incompatible
With:
|
Acetic
acid
|
Chromic
acid, nitric acid, hydroxyl compounds, ethylene glycol,
perchloric acid, peroxides, permanganates
|
Acetylene
gas
|
Chlorine,
bromine, copper, fluorine, silver, mercury
|
Acetone
|
Concentrated
nitric and sulfuric acid mixtures
|
Alkali
and alkaline earth metals:
(e.g. powdered aluminum or magnesium, calcium,
lithium, sodium, potassium)
|
Water,
carbon tetrachloride or other chlorinated hydrocarbons,
carbon dioxide, halogens
|
Ammonia
gas (anhydrous)
|
Mercury
metal, chlorine, calcium hypochlorite, iodine, bromine,
hydrofluoric acid (anhydrous)
|
Ammonium
nitrate
(an oxidizer)
|
Acids,
powdered metals, flammable liquids, chlorates, nitrites,
sulfur, finely divided organic combustible materials
|
Aniline
|
Nitric
acid, hydrogen peroxide
|
Arsenical
materials
|
Any
reducing agent (generates poisonous arsine gas
|
Azides
|
Acids
(forms hydrogen azide-extremely explosive)
|
Bromine
(an oxidizer)
|
See
chlorine
|
Calcium
oxide
|
Water
|
Carbon
(activated charcoal)
|
Calcium
hypochlorite, all oxidizing agents
|
Carbon
tetrachloride
|
Sodium
|
Chlorates
(e.g. Na, K; strong oxidizers)
|
Ammonium
salts, acids, powdered metals, sulfur, finely divided organic
or combustible materials
|
Chromic
acid and chromium metal
|
Acetic
acid, naphthalene, camphor, glycerol, alcohol, flammable
liquids in general
|
Chlorine
gas
|
Ammonia,
acetylene, butadiene, butane, methane, propane (or other
petroleum gases), hydrogen, sodium carbide, benzene, finely
divided metals, turpentine
|
Chlorine
dioxide
|
Ammonia,
methane, phosphine, hydrogen sulfide
|
Copper
metal
|
Acetylene,
hydrogen peroxide
|
Cumene
hydroperoxide
|
Acids
(organic or inorganic)
|
Cyanides
|
Acids
(generates poisonous hydrogen cyanide gas
|
Flammable
liquids
|
Ammonium
nitrate, chromic acid, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, sodium
peroxide, halogens
|
Fluorine
gas (very strong oxidizer)
|
All
other chemicals
|
Hydrocarbons
(e.g. butane, propane, benzene)
|
Fluorine,
chlorine, bromine, chromic acid, sodium peroxide
|
Hydrocyanic
acid
|
Nitric
acid, alkali
|
Hydrofluoric
acid (anhydrous)
|
Ammonia
(aqueous or anhydrous)
|
Hydrogen
peroxide
(an
oxidizer)
|
Copper,
chromium, iron, most metals or their salts, alcohols, acetone,
organic materials, aniline, nitromethane, combustible materials
|
Hydrogen
sulfide
|
Fuming
nitric acid, oxidizing gases
|
Hypochlorites
|
Acids,
activated carbon
|
Iodine
(an oxidizer)
|
Acetylene,
ammonia (aqueous or anhydrous), hydrogen
|
Mercury
metal
|
Acetylene,
fulminic acid, ammonia
|
Nitrates
(e.g. Na, K; oxidizers)
|
Sulfuric
acid (generates nitrogen dioxide)
|
Nitric
acid
(concentrated;
an oxidizer)
|
Acetic
acid, aniline, chromic acid, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen
sulfide, flammable liquids, flammable gases, copper, brass,
any heavy metals
|
Nitrites
(e.g. Na, K; oxidizers)
|
Acids
(generates nitrous fumes)
|
Nitroparaffins
|
inorganic
bases, amines
|
Oxalic
acid
|
Silver,
mercury
|
Oxygen
gas
(oxidizer)
|
Oils,
grease, hydrogen, flammable liquids, solids or gases
|
Perchloric
acid
(strong acid and very strong oxidizer when heated)
|
Acetic
anhydride, bismuth and its alloys, alcohol, paper, wood,
grease, oils
|
Peroxides,
organic
|
Acids
(organic or mineral), avoid friction, store cold
|
Phosphorus
(white)
|
Air,
oxygen, alkalies, reducing agents
|
Potassium
metal
|
Carbon
tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, water
|
Potassium
chlorate
(strong oxidizer)
|
Sulfuric
and other acids (explodes!)
|
Potassium
perchlorate
(oxidizer)
|
Sulfuric
and other acids
|
Potassium
permanganate
(oxidizer)
|
Glycerol,
ethylene glycol, benzaldehyde, sulfuric acid
|
Selenides
|
Reducing
agents (generates hydrogen selenide gas)
|
Silver
metal
|
Acetylene,
oxalic acid, tartartic acid, ammonium compounds, fulminic
acid
|
Sodium
metal
|
Carbon
tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, water
|
Sodium
nitrite
(oxidizer)
|
Ammonium
nitrate and other ammonium salts
|
Sodium
peroxide
(oxidizer)
|
Ethyl
or methyl alcohol, glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride,
benzaldehyde, carbon disulfide, glycerin, ethylene glycol,
ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, furfural
|
Sulfides
|
Acids
(generate poisonous hydrogen sulfide gas)
|
Sulfuric
acid
|
Potassium
chlorate, potassium perchlorate, potassium permanganate
(similar compounds of light metals, such as sodium, lithium)
|
Tellurides
|
Reducing
agents (generates poisonous hydrogen telluride gas
|
Matter
|
Antimatter
(this wasn't mine but it's good!)
|
Sources:
University
of Kentucky, Department of Animal Sciences
Hazardous
Chemicals: information and Disposal Guide. (1982). M-A. Armour,
L. Brown, G. Weir.
revised:
December 12/00
BGMcC
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta
|