Working Alone Legislation:

Amendment to the Alberta Occupational Health and Safety Act

Overview:

An amendment to the Alberta Occupational Health and Safety Regulations (AR448/83) comes into full force on April 30, 2001. This amendment is designed to ensure that adequate measures are taken to protect workers who are working alone. It requires employers to achieve this by:

1. assessing all work areas for potential safety hazards
2. take measures to eliminate or reduce these hazards
3. have an effective communication system available for the worker to summon help in case of an accident or emergency.

This requires that everyone who supervises people who may have to work alone in an office, vehicle, lab, shop or field site must assess the hazards and develop guidelines to reduce the risks associated with that work. This legislation does not forbid people from working by themselves.

Background:

The Occupational Health and Safety Act is intended to set standards to protect the health and safety of employees in Alberta. Employers have responsibilities are expected to set up safe work practices and also to ensure that these practices are followed. Workers are also expected to cooperate and follow the rules designed to promote health and safety at the workplace. This is the act that requires WHMIS training for workers to inform them of all the hazards they may encounter while doing their job. The amendment was developed, at least partly, as a result of the death of a convenience-store worker after a robbery in Calgary. However, it has application for many different kinds of job situations.

What needs to be done if people you supervise are working alone: back to top

1. Conduct a hazard assessment of the area and work procedures to identify hazards and try to eliminate them. If you cannot eliminate the hazards, then try to minimize or control them.
2. Make sure there is an effective means of communication available to the worker in case help is needed.
3. Ensure that all workers are trained and educated in how they are to do their work safely.

You should also consider an assessment of work in areas like offices or reading rooms where no "hazardous activities" are conducted. In these instances, matters of personal security are likely most important. You could advise someone that you expect to return be a certain time so that they might check on you if you are late. This would be much more important if a person had a medical condition that predisposed them to become incapacitated (e.g. epilepsy). Workers and supervisors need to assess the risk of injury for the individuals in all areas, even those where activity risks are considered minimal.

1. Hazard Assessment back to top

• in cooperation with the workers, review all aspects of the work that might be done and anticipate the kinds of hazards that might arise. You are looking for risks of occupational injury as well as potential for personal injury from a violent attack.
• review records of past incidents to help identify potential problems
• identify what can be done to eliminate or minimize the hazards.
• the assessment should be written and dated. It should be reviewed and updated as needed.
• you need a hazard assessment for each different set of conditions. If you have 10 offices with similar activities in each, then one assessment should cover all. However, if money, tobacco and drugs are stored in one of the offices, that would require a different review.

This might include restricting certain activities until another person is present. This is exactly the same as prohibiting certain activities if workers are not properly trained or if they do not have the appropriate safety equipment (a fume-hood for distilling benzene or a safety harness and rope if you are climbing 30 meters up a tree). Some examples of activities that could result in severe personal injury and which should not be attempted without a backup could include things like: distilling phenol, entering into a confined space or one where the atmosphere might be dangerous (a deep metal tank where rusting can deplete the oxygen level), getting close to an animal carcass that has recently been killed (whatever killed it may be close by). Any such activities should be explicitly mentioned in your hazard assessment. It is up to the supervisor in consultation with the workers to identify such situations. The standard that will be applied if a “problem” arises will be by comparing your hazard assessment to others of a similar nature. If other people have identified five hazards in a situation very similar to yours and have taken measures to avoid them while you have not, you will probably be found lacking in discharging your responsibility to help protect workers and could be charged under the Occupational Health and Safety Act.

Besides injury from personal actions, consider hazards that might arise from other aspects of the work. Are you exposed to personal attack by animals (bears, dogs, elk) including humans? Do you have to travel to remote locations and meet with clients you do not know in their office? You might control risk of personal injury for indoor work by requiring doors be kept shut and locked if you are alone. You might suggest (or require) workers use the services of the Safe Walk program if they are leaving the campus after dark. Adding a check-in and check-out routine may be warranted to know if someone is overdue whether in travel to a worksite or leaving an office to return home.

Further information on preparing a hazard assessment is here and there are some examples of field hazards.

2. Effective Communication: back to top

In case someone needs help, they need access to a means of communication. This does not mean everyone must be issued a cellular phone or radio although these may be a good idea in some situations. Within the department there are telephones in many rooms and most of the pay phones have quick dial buttons to Campus security and 911. Undergraduate students should be made aware of where telephones are located and who to call (Campus Security knows their way around campus while a 911 operator will want your street address; call for help at the university first). If nothing else is available, a tripped fire alarm will bring assistance.

Field workers present a bigger problem with regard to communication. Cell phones may not work where you are located and you may be out of radio contact. In this case, a check-out check-in system might be used. A log book is kept in a base camp and people sign out before they leave indicating route, destination, activity and estimated return time. When they return they check back in. The log must be examined at regular intervals and procedures should have been outlined in case a search has to be mounted. In some cases, a check in routine might be used even if an electronic means of communication is available. If someone is doing highly dangerous work like felling trees or crawling through sewers, they might have hourly contacts with someone. The frequency of contact will depend on the nature of the hazard. Even without electronic communication, regular contact could be achieved using flash lights or flags if for instance, people were working on opposite sides of a lake.

Practical: back to top

Look at a sample guideline that might be used for a teaching or research laboratory (a Word2000™ document that you can customize).

The process of conducting a hazard assessment and seeking measures to reduce the risks will take some time. Except in simple situations, the assessment will need to be reviewed and updated as conditions change or after talking to colleagues doing similar work. It is hoped that everyone in our department will start now to develop these procedures and hopefully we can share ideas.

Some examples to help you get started:
Please note, these are intended to get you thinking about some scenarios that could occur. The particulars for your situation may dictate a different response.

1. A graduate student working in a chemical laboratory:

1. Working alone guidelines and sample templates from the University of Alberta Office of Environmental Health and Safety (look on their policiesweb page).
2. Working Alone Safely A Guide for Employers and Employees. Alberta Human Resources and Employment. 2000. ( workingalone.pdf)
3. Alberta’s Occupational Health and Safety Regulations. An Explanation of the General Safety Amendment Regulation. “The Working Alone Amendment” II edition. December 2000 (WA 00202). This looks better than the guide.
Go to the Government of Alberta Working Alone web page to find these two documents.

Please contact me if you would like me to review your assessment.

Tom Hantos
CW315A (x22399)
tom.hantos@ualberta.ca