(demosponge) |
(flatworm) |
KINGDOM ANIMALIA
(=Metazoa)* |
(featherduster worm) |
(sea urchin) |
(octocoral) |
(gastropod) |
Modified from
Tree of Life (after Ruppert et al. 2004 p. 220; Brusca & Brusca 2016 p. 1049; some minor taxa omitted) |
(crab) |
(sea squirts) |
=========================================== Porifera (sponges)
|
| ======================================== Placozoa (placozoans, Trichoplax)
| |
| | ==================================== Cnidaria (jellyfish, anemones, corals, etc.)
| | |
<<=Me| | | |(branch uncertain)============== Ctenophora (comb-jellies)
| | | |
| | | | ========================= Platyhelminthes (flatworms, tapeworms, etc.)
| | | | |
Mo=| | | | (branch uncertain)=X= 'pseudocoelomates' (nematodes, rotifers, etc.)
| | | | |
| | | =P*=| | ================= Nemertea (ribbon worms)
| | | | | | |
=E==| | | =A==| | ============== Mollusca (snails, clams, squids, etc.)
| | | | | |
| | | =C#=| | ======== Annelida (segmented worms)
| | | | | |
| | | | | |======= Sipuncula(peanut worms)
| | | ===| ===|
| | | | | |======= Pogonophora (beard worms, vent worms; now put in the Annelida)
===| | | | |
| | ===| ======== Echiura (proboscis worms)
| | |
| | | ======= Onychophora (velvet worms)
| | | |
| | ==R=| ==== Tardigrada (water bears)
| | ===|
=B*=| ==== Arthropoda (insects, spiders, crabs, etc.)
|
| |(branch uncertain)== Chaetognatha (arrow worms)
| |
| |(branch uncertain)== 'lophophorates' (bryozoans, brachiopods, etc.)
| |
==DA#===| ============== Xenturbellida (Xenoturbella)
| |
SEE 'IMPORTANT NOTES | =Am=| ========== Echinodermata(starfish, urchins, etc.)
ABOUT ANIMAL RELATIONS' | | ====|
| | ========== Hemichordata (acorn worms, pterobranchs)
===|
================== Chordata (sea squirts, vertebrates, etc.)
|
b) sessile adult, superficial radial symmetry** c) monociliated cells** d) radial, indeterminate cleavage e) blastula stage embryo f) diplosome** g) type IV collagen Mo: motile adults; oral-aboral body axis b) diploblastic organization c) true radial symmetry d) gastrula stage embryo e) blind gut (no anus) f) true gonads g) true nervous system with synapses h) striated muscle i) septate junctions b) cephalization c) triploblastic organization (extensive mesoderm) d) organ-system level of organization e) protonephridia A: anus present (i.e., complete gut) #: coelom present |
b) mesoderm from single (mesentoblast) cell c) mesoderm develops from mesenchyme cells d) paired, ventral nerve cords (Nielsen 2012) e) fate of first germ cell set at 5th cleavage f) mouth (& sometimes anus) from blastopore g) multiciliated cells b) trochophore-like larva with apical cilia c) larvae swim with compound cilia R= PANARTHOPODA exoskeleton is molted b) mesoderm from epithelial cells c) coelom via enterocoely d) blastopore yields anus e) tripartite coelom and body plan f) monociliated cells** (some multiciliated) Am= Ambulacraria |
See interesting Z250 Cladogram Study Resource by Janessa Dornstauder (Z250 class of 2014) based on 2014 cladograms.