Zoology 250 Tree of Life (2011)
Clades for Kingdom PROTISTA


(diplomonad)
BASAL EUKARYOTA

Condensed greatly from Tree of Life for taxa covered in Zool250
(P/B refers to Pearse/Pearse/Buchsbaum/Buchsbaum, 1987,
Living Invertebrates)


(foraminifera)

     =================== Prokaryotes
<<===|
     |    ==D=========== Diplomonads (P/B phylum Metamonadida, zooflagellate, Giardia)
     ==E==|
          |     ======== "radiolaria" (P/B phyla Acantharia; Heliozoa); actinopod sarcodine
          ==Mt==|
                ======== Granuloreticulosa (foraminifera); rhizopod rhizopod sarcodine
                |
                ================================== TO CROWN EUKARYOTES ===>

TRAITS MAPPED ON ABOVE TREE:
D= ancient retrotransposon (Burke et al. 2002 Mol. Biol. Evol. 19:619)
E= Eukaryotes: mitosis, membrane-bound organelles including: nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus?, lysosomes?)
Mt= mitochondria



(amoeba)

(Volvox)
CROWN EUKARYOTES

(condensed from
Tree of Life;
following
Keeling et al. 2005 &
Ruppert et al. 2004
)


(paramecium)

(radiolarian)

(trypanosome)

               =======B,G,M====================================== TO METAZOA ===>
          =DCh=|
      =O==|    ==== Choanoflagellata; zooflagellate
      |   |
      |   ===M===== Fungi (mushrooms, molds, yeast, etc.)
  ====|
  |   ============= Amoebozoa(Amoeba, slime molds); rhizopod sarcodine
  |
  |           ===== Chlorophyceae (unicellular green algae; Chlamydamonas, Volvox); phytoflagellate
<<|        ===|
  |    =Cp=|  ==M== Embryophytes (land plants)
  |    |   |
  | ===|   =====M== Rhodophyta (red algae)
  | |  |
  | |  ============ Glaucophyta (contain symbiotic cyanobacteria)
  | |
  | |       ==N==== Ciliophora (Paramecium, Stentor, Spirostoma); the ciliates
  ==|       |
    |    =A=| =Cp== Dinoflagellata; phytoflagellate
    |    |  ==|
    | ===|    ===== Apicomplexa(Plasmodium); sporozoan
    | |  |
    | |  ==M,Cp,S== Stramenopiles (incl. P/B phylum Diatomae= diatoms, brown algae & other taxa)
    ==|
      |      ==Cp== Euglenida (Euglena); phytoflagellate
      ===E===|
             ====== Kinetoplastida (Trypanosoma); zooflagellate

TRAITS MAPPED ON ABOVE TREE:
A= Alveolates: cell surface underlain by many adja-cent sacs or alveoli; tubular mitochondrial cristae
B= blastula
Ch= choanocyte (monociliated cells with ring of microvilli around flagellum & distinct flagellar vane)
Cp= chloroplast
D= diplosome (microtubular flagellar root)
E= Euglenozoa: 1 or 2 anterior flagella, discoid mitochondrial christae
G= collagen
M= multicellularity
N= micro- & macro-nucleus
O= Opisthokonta: posterior flagellum on motile cells
S= unique 3-part mastigonemes in flagella


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Copyright (c) 2011 by A. Richard Palmer. All rights reserved.
(revised Dec. 30, 2010)