Botany 511 – Advanced Palaeobotany

the Gnetophytes: Bibliography

Arber, E.A.N. & J. Parkin. 1907. On the origin of angiosperms. J. Lin. Soc., Bot. 38: 29- 80.

Arber, E.A., & J. Parkin. 1908. Studies on the evolution of the angiosperms. The relationship of the angiosperms to the Gnetales. Ann. Bot. 22: 489-515.

Boersma, M. 1985. Aphlebia lautneri nov. sp. from the Rhaeto-Liassic of Franken (G.F.R.). Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 44: 27-36.

Bornman, C.H. 1972. Welwitschia mirabilis: Paradox of the Namib Desert. Endeavour 31: 95-99.

Bornman, C.H. 1972. Welwitschia: Paradox of a Parched Paradise. C. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.

Butler, V., C.H. Bornman, & W.A. Jensen. 1979. Welwitschia mirabilis: Fine structure of the germinating seed. II. Cytochemistry of gametophyte and feeder. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 91: 197-210.

Carmichael, J.S., & W.E. Friedman. 1995. Double fertilization in Gnetum gnemon: The relationship between the cell cycle and sexual reproduction. Plant Cell 7: 1975- 1988.

Carmichael, J.S., & W.E. Friedman. 1995. Double fertilization in Gnetum gnemon: The relationship between the cell cycle and sexual reproduction. Plant Cell 7: 1975- 1988.

Carmichael, J.S., & W.E. Friedman. 1996. Double fertilization in Gnetum gnemon (Gnetaceae): Its bearing on the evolution of sexual reproduction within the gnetales and the anthophyte clade. Am. J. Bot. 83: 767-780.

Crane, P.R. 1985. Phylogenetic analysis of seed plants and the origin of angiosperms. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 72: 716-793.

Crane, P.R. 1996. The fossil history of the Gnetales. Int. J. Plnt. Sci. 157: S50-S57.

Crane, P.R., & G.R. Upchurch, Jr. 1987. Drewria potomacensis gen. et sp. Nov., an early cretaceous member of gnetales from the Potomac Group of Virginia. Am. J. Bot. 74: 1722-1736.

Doyle, J.A., 1978. Origin of angiosperms. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 9: 365-392.

Doyle, J.A., & M.J. Donoghue. 1986. Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of angiosperms: An experimental cladistic approach. Bot Rev. 52: 321-431.

Doyle, J.A., & M.J. Donoghue. 1993. Phylogenies and angiosperm diversification. Paleobiology 19: 141-167.

Dyer, R.A., and I.C. Verdoorn. 1972. Science or sentiment: The Welwitschia problem. Taxon 21: 485-489.

Eames, A.J. 1952. Relationships of the Ephedrales. Phytomorphology 2: 79-100.

Foster, A.S. Venation patterns in the leaves of Ephedra. J. Arnold Arboretum 53: 364- 378.

Friedman, W.E. 1990. Double fertilization in Ephedra, a nonflowering seed plant: Its bearing on the origin of angiosperms. Science 247: 951-954.

Friedman, W.E. 1990. Sexual reproduction in Ephedra nevadensis (Ephedraceae): Further evidence of double fertilization in a nonflowering seed plant. Am. J. Bot. 77: 1582-1598.

Friedman, W.E. 1991. Double fertilization in Ephedra trifurca, a non-flowering seed plant: The relationship between fertilization events and the cell cycle. Protoplasma 165: 106-120.

Friedman, W.E. 1992. Double fertilization in nonflowering seed plants and its relevance to the origin of flowering plants. Int. Rev. Cyt. 140: 319-355.

Friedman, W.E. 1992. Evidence for a pre-angiosperm origin of endosperm: Implications for the evolution of flowering plants. Science 255: 336-339.

Gifford, E.M., & A.S. Foster. 1989. Morphology and evolution of vascular plants. W.H. Freeman, New York, NY.

Hooker, J.D. 1863. On Welwitschia, a new genus of Gnetaceae. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 24: 1-48.

Khan, R. 1943. Conrtibutions to the morphology of Ephedra foliata Boiss. II.

Fertilization and embyrogeny. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. India 13: 357-375.

Krassilov, V.A. 1984. New paleobotanical data on the origin and early evolution of angiospermy. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 71: 577-92.

Land, W.J.G. 1907. Fertilization and embryogeny in Ephedra trifurcata Bot. Gaz. 44: 273-292.

Maheshwari, K. 1935. Contributions to the morphology of Ephedra foliata Boiss. I. The development of the male and female gametophytes. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 1: 586-606.

Maheshwari, P., and V. Vasil. 1961. Gnetum. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi.

Martens, P. 1971. Les Gnetophytes. (Handbuch der Pflanzenanatomie, Band 12, Teil 2.) Gerbrüder Borntraeger, Berlin.

Meeuse, A.D.J. 1978. The significance of the Gnetatae in connection with the early evolution of the Angiosperms. Glimpses Plant Res. 4: 62-73.

Mohr, W.P., & D.J. Meeuse. 1991. Note on some characteristics of Ephedra campylopoda C.A. Mey. Israel J. Bot. 40: 315-322.

Moussel, B. 1978. Double fertilization in the genus Ephedra. Phytomorphology 28: 336- 345.

Muhammad, A.F., & R. Sattler. 1982. Vessel structure of Gnetum & the origin of angiosperms. Am. J. Bot. 69: 1004-21.

Pearson, H.H.W. 1929. Getales. Cambridge University Press.

Sanwal, M. 1962. Morphology and embryology of Gnetum gnemon L. Phytomorphology 12: 243-264.

Steeves, M.W., and E.S. Barghoorn. 1959. The pollen of Ephedra. J. Arnold Arboretum 40: 221-255.

Thompson, W.P. 1918. Independent evolution of vessels in Gnetales and angiosperms. Bot. Gaz. 65: 83-90.

Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J.H.A. An enigmatic Liassic microsporophyll, yielding Ephedripites pollen. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 71: 239-254.

Von Willert, D.J. 1985. Welwitschia mirabilis – new aspects in the biology of an old plant. Adv. Bot. Res. 11: 157-191.

Zohary, M. 1966. Ephedra. In: Flora Palaestina. Vol. 1. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem.